ADAPTATION OF PLANTS TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Abstract

In the natural conditions of growth or cultivation of a plant in the course of its growth, development, they are often affected by adverse environmental factors, which include temperature fluctuations, drought, excessive moisture, soil salinity, etc. Each plant has the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions within the limits determined by its genotype. The higher the ability of a plant to change metabolism in accordance with the environment, the wider the reaction rate of this plant and the better the ability to adapt. This property distinguishes resistant varieties of agricultural crops. As a rule, slight and short-term changes in environmental factors do not lead to significant disturbances in the physiological functions of plants, which is due to their ability to maintain a relatively stable state under changing environmental conditions, i.e., to maintain homeostasis. However, sharp and prolonged impacts lead to disruption of many functions of the plant, and often to its death.